On a posteriori estimates of inverse operators for linear parabolic initial-boundary value problems

We present numerically verified a posteriori estimates of the norms of inverse operators for linear parabolic differential equations. In case that the corresponding elliptic operator is not coercive, existing methods for a priori estimates of the inverse operators are not accurate and, usually, exponentially increase in time variable. We propose a new technique for obtaining the estimates of the inverse operator by using the finite dimensional approximation and error estimates. It enables us to obtain very sharp bounds compared with a priori estimates. We will give some numerical examples which confirm the actual effectiveness of our method.     

Cooperative Control by System Voltage Control Equipments in Consideration of Reducing Capacity of STATCOM

In recent years, the number of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic generation systems and wind power generation systems connected to the grid has been increasing as a way of reducing negative effects on the environment. The outputs of these RESs vary rapidly because of the influence of the weather and the conditions of the location. Therefore, there are concerns that the point voltages in a distribution system may vary drastically and that the voltages may deviate from the appropriate voltage range as a result of the influence of the RES connected to the distribution system or to the diversification of loads. Furthermore, there are concerns about adverse effects on electric power quality, such as voltage imbalances and harmonics. In this paper, we propose a cooperative voltage control method for a distribution system using system voltage control equipment in order to reduce the capacity of the static synchronous compensator. Numerical calculations were performed in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.     

Analysis of Plasmalogen Species in Foodstuffs

Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), which is present at high levels in brains, is believed to be involved in neuronal protection. The present study was performed to search for PlsEtn resources in foodstuffs. The foodstuffs examined showed a wide range of PlsEtn contents from 5 to 549 μmol/100 g wet wt. The marine invertebrates, blue mussel, and ascidian had high PlsEtn contents (over 200 μmol/100 g wet wt). Profiling of the molecular species showed that the predominant fatty acids of PlsEtn species were 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) at the sn‐2 position of the glycerol moiety in marine foodstuffs, whereas major PlsEtn species in land foodstuffs were 20:4. Following quantitative analysis by multiple reaction monitoring, the ascidian viscera were shown to contain the highest levels of 18:0/20:5‐PlsEtn and 18:0/22:6‐PlsEtn (86 and 68 μmol/100 g wet wt, respectively). In order to evaluate a neuronal antiapoptotic effect of these PlsEtn species, human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), purified from the ascidian viscera, under serum starvation conditions. Extrinsic EtnGpl from ascidian viscera showed stronger suppression of cell death induced by serum starvation than with bovine brain EtnGpl. The EtnGpl from ascidian viscera strongly suppressed the activation of caspase 3. These results suggest that PlsEtn, especially that containing EPA and DHA, from marine foodstuffs is potentially useful for a therapeutic dietary supplement preventing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).     

铜阴极电解的EMD的电子微探分析

对EMD的电子微探分析(EPMA),发现有Cu的浓缩点存在,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析析值为0.8×10-4%.通过EPMA,可以对EMD进行微观解析.     

Depression of melting point of eutectic metal alloy by the interaction with polyacrylates in metal-polymer composites

The composites of polyacrylates and eutectic metal alloy composed by Bi, In, and Sn were prepared by mixing the metal and polymer above the melting point of the metal alloy (80 °C) with a homogenizer. Two melting peaks, which were assigned as the melting peak of the original metal alloy and that of the interfacial phase of the metal alloy interacting with polyacrylates (70 °C) by differential scanning calorimetry. Metal particles with the diameter of about 100 nm which were stabilized by the interfacial interaction with polyacrylates were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The melting peak at 70 °C was assigned as the melting peak of these small particles.     

Preparation of Pt-loaded TiO2 nanofibers by electrospinning and their application for WGS reactions

Preparation of Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanofibers and their catalytic performance for water gas shift (WGS) reactions have been explained in this work. The Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) aqueous solutions containing Ti(OH)_n slurry and Pt nanoparticles at room temperature, followed by calcination at 773 K for 4 h. The calcined nanofibers were rougher than the nanofibers of PEO/Ti(OH)_n/Pt due to the PEO degradation and oxidation of Ti(OH)_n to TiO₂. Diameters of the Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanofibers ranged between 200 and 900 nm. Catalytic activity of the Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanofibers for water gas shift (WGS) reactions was evaluated and it was observed that their activity was 5–7 times higher than that of a bulk catalyst. Such improvement is attributed to the larger surface area of the nanofiber catalyst compared to that of the bulk catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a synthesis of Pt-loaded TiO₂ nanofibers from a Ti(OH)_n nanoparticle slurry using electrospinning and its application to WGS reactions.